What types of prosthetic replacements can be performed, and what materials are they made of?

    • Surface prosthesis. These are procedures in which the femoral head and the acetabulum (hip socket or concave part of the pelvic surface) are replaced and covered with metal material (metal-on-metal surface prosthesis). This type of prosthesis is usually fitted in men under 70 and women under 60, as it involves preserving the bone, resulting in better patient recovery, a lower risk of dislocation and more durable material. In the event of deterioration or fracture of the femur bone, it can be replaced with a full prosthesis.
    • Full prostheses (conventional). These are procedures to replace the femoral head and neck, and also the acetabulum. Normally, the femoral neck is replaced by a titanium piece (stem) inserted into the femur, measuring between 10 and 15 centimetres, with or without cement. The friction surfaces of total prostheses, where movement occurs between the head and the acetabulum, can be made of metal, ceramic or oxinium against polyethylene (plastic), or ceramic against ceramic, depending on the patient's age, needs and expectations for physical activity. Current materials have a lower risk of breakage, allow for greater hip stability, and experience less wear and tear.