What surgical techniques are available?

Broadly speaking, there are different surgical techniques, depending on the pathology. Thanks to the development and emergence of new systems, techniques are becoming less invasive, reducing wound size and surgical risks:

• Open techniques (classic)
• Minimally invasive techniques
• Percutaneous endoscopic surgery
• Microsurgical surgery with minimal incision

In recent years, open techniques have tended to be minimised, with less aggressive surgery through the use of different technological advances, including navigation-guided surgery.