What is rhizolysis / denervation using thermal radiofrequency and what is it used for in facet joint osteoarthritis?

Rhizolysis or denervation using thermal radiofrequency is a medical procedure used to treat chronic pain associated with osteoarthritis of the facet joints.

Facet joints are small joints found at the back of the spine that are involved in the mobility and stability of the spine.

When these joints degenerate, they can cause chronic pain in the lumbar or dorsal area, which significantly affects the quality of life of many patients.

This procedure is performed using a special needle that emits heat through radiofrequency to alter the function of the nerve that transmits pain signals from the facet joints to the brain. The heat generated by radio frequency can have two main effects:

  • Neurolysis (nerve destruction): A high radiofrequency temperature is applied continuously, causing destruction of the peripheral nerve. This completely interrupts the transmission of pain signals along the nerve, providing long-lasting pain relief to the affected area. However, this approach can lead to a permanent loss of sensation in the treated area.
  • Neuromodulation (nerve signal change): A lower radiofrequency temperature is used or applied in a pulsed manner to achieve modulation of the nerve signal instead of destruction. In this case, the nerve remains intact, but the transmission of pain signals is temporarily altered or blocked. This can provide pain relief without permanent loss of sensation in the area.

Thermal radiofrequency denervation is considered an effective treatment option for patients with chronic pain due to osteoarthritis of the facet joints who do not respond to conservative treatment, such as analgesics, physical therapy, or local infiltrations with corticosteroids.