Electroencephalography and Evoked Potentials

The conventional electroencephalogram records bioelectrical brain activity during wakefulness by placing a custom-made cap (Electro-Cap) on the patient's head. The cap is fitted with electrodes, to which a conductive gel is applied. It is a painless test with no contraindications, which can be performed on patients of any age. The test lasts approximately 30 minutes, during which the patient (depending on their age and clinical condition) is asked to cooperate in various manoeuvres (opening/closing their eyes, hyperventilating, etc.). Patients who require the report on the same day as the test should notify the Scheduling and Clinical Neurophysiology Departments in advance.

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The sleep deprivation electroencephalogram consists of recording the bioelectrical activity of the brain during wakefulness and light sleep by placing a custom-made cap with electrodes on the patient's head, to which a conductive gel is applied. The patient arrives for the test first thing in the morning, having been deprived of sleep the night before (according to the instructions of their referring doctor or, failing that, the Clinical Neurophysiology Department at Centro Médico Teknon and the Scheduling Department, based on the patient's age). The test lasts 60–90 minutes, during which the patient remains awake at the start of the test and performs simple manoeuvres at the request of the medical or nursing staff; they then lie down comfortably to fall asleep. It is a painless test that can be performed on people of all ages with no contraindications. Patients who require the report on the same day as the test should notify the Scheduling and Clinical Neurophysiology Departments in advance.

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Daytime polysomnography measures the bioelectrical activity of the brain during wakefulness and light sleep by placing a custom-made cap with electrodes on the patient's head and applying a conductive gel to the electrodes. The patient arrives for the test first thing in the morning, having been deprived of sleep the night before (according to the instructions of their referring doctor or, failing that, the Clinical Neurophysiology Department at Centro Médico Teknon and the Scheduling Department, based on the patient's age). The test lasts at least 120 minutes, during which the patient remains awake at the start of the test and performs simple manoeuvres at the request of the medical or nursing staff; they then lie down comfortably to fall asleep. It is a painless test that can be performed on people of all ages with no contraindications. Patients who require the report on the same day as the test should notify the Scheduling and Clinical Neurophysiology Departments in advance.

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Visual Evoked Potentials consist of recording the responses of the visual cortex to a visual stimulus (pattern or checkerboard stimulus, flash or goggles/glasses based on the patient's age/baseline situation). During the test, disc electrodes are applied to the patient's head using conductive gel. The test is painless and has no contraindications. It lasts approximately 30 minutes. If the patient wears glasses or contact lenses, they should bring them with them on the day of the test. Patients who require the report on the same day as the test should notify the Scheduling and Clinical Neurophysiology Departments in advance.

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Somatosensory potentials of the upper and/or lower extremities allow the recording of brain activity in the sensory cortex in response to electrical stimulation of the median or ulnar nerve (upper extremities) or the posterior tibial nerve and femoral nerve (lower extremities). During the test, disc electrodes are applied to the scalp using a conductive gel and electrical stimuli are applied to the aforementioned nerves (in the hands, ankles or thighs). These stimuli are somewhat uncomfortable in the locations mentioned, but the test is usually well tolerated by patients. The test lasts approximately 30 minutes. Patients who require the report on the same day as the test should notify the Scheduling and Clinical Neurophysiology Departments in advance.

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Brainstem auditory evoked potentials consist of recording auditory responses to a ‘click’ type auditory stimulus. During the test, disc electrodes with conductive gel are applied to both earlobes and the scalp. We place headphones on the patient that emit a clicking noise at different intensities. The test is painless and has no contraindications. It lasts approximately 30 minutes. Patients who require the report on the same day as the test should notify the Scheduling and Clinical Neurophysiology Departments in advance.

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Cognitive Evoked Potentials (P300) enable the recording of cognitive responses evoked by dual auditory stimuli. The minimum age for this test is 7 years old. During the test, disc electrodes with conductive gel are applied to the scalp. We place headphones on the patient that emit two types of sound. The patient must help identify the two sounds emitted and, at the same time, distinguish and memorise one of them. The test is painless and requires the patient's cooperation. Patients who require the report on the same day as the test should notify the Scheduling and Clinical Neurophysiology Departments in advance.

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