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Consultorio
DR. MANEL BARDAJIDR. MANEL BARDAJI
Bardají Bofill ManelCirugía General Adultos
Common signs
  • Dysphagia is difficulty swallowing; odynophagia, painful swallowing. Swallowing is achieved in three stages: a) involuntary movement of the food bolus to the pharynx, with relaxation of the upper esophageal sphincter and cricopharyngeal muscle; b) reflex (involuntary) propulsion of food by the pharynx by means of contraction waves, and c) transport of the bolus through the esophagus to the stomach, by means of positive pressure waves (primary peristalsis), followed by reflex relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter.

  • Physiopathology

    The two centers in the reticular zone of the bulb are the chemoreceptor zone and the integrated center. The afferent pathways come from almost every site on the body. The vagal ducts are of enormous importance, but vagotomy does not cancel out vomiting. The afferent and sympathetic pathways do not mediate the vomiting that occurs with abdominal distention. Vomiting arises when both somatic and visceral efferent pathways cause glottis closure, diaphragm contraction, pylorus closure, and gastric relaxation followed by antipersital contractions that run from the middle of the stomach to the incisura and end in abdominal, diaphragmatic, and intercostal contractions. Vomiting is accompanied by signs and symptoms of discharge from the autonomic nervous system.

  • The emptying of the stomach takes place in a period of three to four hours, the digested food reaches the ileocecal valve within two to three hours and in about nine hours the passage of substances through the digestive tract is completed.

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